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Difference between MySQL and MariaDB

Last updated on Nov 10, 2023

MySQL and MariaDB are both popular open-source relational database management systems, but they have distinct differences that stem from their history and development paths.

MySQL was originally developed by a Swedish company MySQL AB, which was later acquired by Oracle Corporation. This acquisition led to concerns in the open-source community about the future of MySQL under Oracle's stewardship, primarily regarding open-source commitment and development. As a response to these concerns, one of MySQL's original developers forked the project to create MariaDB.

MariaDB is intended to maintain high compatibility with MySQL, ensuring that it remains a drop-in replacement. This means that, in many cases, databases and applications designed for MySQL can be switched to MariaDB without requiring any changes to the data or software. However, over time, MariaDB has begun to develop its own distinct features.

In terms of differences, here are some key points:

  1. Storage Engines: While both support a variety of storage engines, MariaDB has introduced some new ones like Aria, ColumnStore, and MyRocks, offering improved performance, compression, and features over some of MySQL's engines.

  2. Performance Enhancements: MariaDB often includes performance enhancements that are not available in MySQL. These include optimizations in replication, caching, and indexing.

  3. Extension and Feature Development: MariaDB tends to be more aggressive in introducing new features and extensions. This includes new storage engines, syntax extensions, and enhancements to existing features.

  4. Licensing and Open Source Philosophy: MariaDB emphasizes a stronger commitment to remaining open source. MySQL, while still open source, is under Oracle’s control, which has led to different licensing and development approaches.

  5. Community vs. Corporate Backing: MariaDB is backed by the MariaDB Foundation and a strong community, focusing on open-source development and community input. MySQL, being owned by Oracle, follows a more corporate-led development approach.

  6. Compatibility: While MariaDB strives to maintain backward compatibility with MySQL, there are differences that can affect compatibility, particularly as both databases continue to evolve.

In practical terms, the choice between MySQL and MariaDB can depend on specific project requirements, preference for open-source philosophy, performance needs, and compatibility considerations. For most applications, especially those that do not heavily depend on the latest features of either database system, both MySQL and MariaDB can be excellent choices.